导读 小气候几乎就像一个亚 AVA，Erica Stancliff 谈到这些大气条件在葡萄栽培区 (AVA) 中的作用时说。Stancliff是加利福尼亚索诺玛山Trombetta Family Wines和Pfendler Vineyards的酿酒师，同时也是Petaluma Gap Winegrowers Alliance 的，他将小气候定义为“与周边地区具有独特气候差异的一小部分地区”。 小气候可能只影响几英亩，也可能跨越几平方英里。 影响小气候的环境因素包括与水体的接近程度、土壤类型、地理特征、海拔和海拔，以及温度和湿度。即使在一个葡萄园内，所有这些特征也会有所不同。 “这不仅是酿酒师关于成熟度的收获决定的重要考虑因素，而且这也是使一些小型酿酒区和葡萄园如此独特的原因，”斯坦克利夫说。
Matt Diliberti, a winemaker in Santa Barbara, California, has a deep understanding of how microclimate affects the various regions within his AVA. Just like in Sonoma County, Diliberti says the biggest determining factor is proximity to the ocean. Nearby vineyards will feel cooler ocean air and fog. In these two AVAs, a series of hills, valleys and plateaus make microclimates even more nuanced, all of which determine how vineyards are exposed to marine influence or not.
For example, fog will settle into valleys creating cool microclimates. Vineyards above the fog line are exposed to more sunlight during the day resulting in higher temperatures but due to elevation height may experience more extreme diurnal changes.
These details decide where certain varieties grow best. "Sta Rita Hills got something we like to call cool-cold sun," Diliberti said. "It's very suitable for planting Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and Syrah." The Ballard Canyon [AVA]...... [has] warm days and much colder nights with limestone soils mixed with sand and clay. Syrah and Bordeaux varieties grow there best."
Moving east towards Happy Canyon grapevines face even more extreme diurnal changes that help keep acidity levels high for widely planted Bordeaux varieties.
"I wouldn't have considered Los Alamos either," Diliberti added while commenting on many sub-appellations within the broader Santa Barbara County AVA each having their own unique environmental conditions.
Stancliff collaborates with several vineyards in Sonoma County where Pinot Noir is one of the most widely planted varieties. Grapes are case studies on how to break down a wider AVA into specific environmental conditions.
"In some areas such as Russian River Valley," she said., "the ripening speed of Pinot Noir will be slightly faster than surrounding coastal areas resulting in different flavor profiles and tannin maturity."
In Petaluma Gap AVA wind also plays an extremely important role named after chasms along coastal mountains that gather cool sea breeze inland.[1]
"[it] defines our microclimate," Stancliff said., "[grapevines'] reaction forms thicker skins on berries." Thicker skins produce color intensity single-ness concentration flavors wine made from those grapes.,
"For everything we do in our cellar it's important to remember that wine is defined by thousands of moments related to grape life—wind light depth roots plus human intervention", DiliBERTI said., "Terroir is driven by countless such moments".
